The Democratic Republic of Congo is preparing to mor
e than double a tax on two-thirds of global cobalt supply, potentially increasing the cost of the critical battery metal just as the world begins to embrace electric vehicles.
Congo, the world’s biggest cobalt producer, will increase the royalty miners pay on exports of the metal to 5 percent from 2 percent if it opts to categorize cobalt as a “strategic substance,” Mines Minister Martin Kabwelulu told the country’s Senate last week.
The new classification is part of an overhaul of mining legislation that is fiercely opposed by the industry, which says the law may deter future investment. Under the revised code, backed by the government and being scrutinized by parliament, the tax on base metals including copper and cobalt will increase to 3.5 percent from 2 percent. If approved by the Senate, the law will also allow the state to select “strategic” metals, likely to include cobalt, and tax them at a higher rate of 5 percent, Kabwelulu said.
A byproduct of copper and nickel mining used to harden steel, cobalt stepped into the global spotlight last year as prices surged. The metal’s efficiency in conducting electricity has made it essential for rechargeable batteries used in electric cars produced by companies including Tesla Inc. and Volkswagen AG.
Prices Triple
Plans to dramatically increase the production of electric vehicles resulted in the price of the metal more than tripling in the past two years as miners and automakers scrambled to secure supply. The boom hasn’t gone unnoticed in Congo, whose mines supply about two-thirds of global output.
The new legislation will guarantee Congo “the flexibility to face unforeseen developments in the international market if the international economic situation demands it” by permitting the government to declare certain minerals “strategic substances,” Kabwelulu told senators Jan. 5, according to a transcript of his remarks.
The minister singled out cobalt’s “not only strategic but also critical character” on the world market. Tantalum, a scarce mineral extracted from so-called coltan ore and used in smartphones, could also be taxed at the higher rate, Kabwelulu said.
The current mining law, which was promoted by the World Bank and adopted in 2002, attracted billions of dollars of investment from mining companies including Glencore Plc and Randgold Resources Ltd. While the economy has grown, the government says the mining industry hasn’t generated sufficient revenue for the state.
Windfall Tax
“If cobalt is declared strategic one day, naturally the royalty will climb to 5 percent,” Kabwelulu’s chief of staff, Valery Mukasa, said by phone Tuesday. “We haven’t said cobalt will be a strategic substance. We said cobalt can be,” he said, adding there are “considerations that need to be assessed from a technical point of view and in terms of the international market.”
In addition to the new royalty tax on strategic minerals, the draft law also:
- Increases royalties on gold from 2.5 percent to 3.5 percent;
- Introduces a profit-windfall tax;
- Doubles the state’s free share to 10 percent; and,
- Reduces the period during which contract stability is guaranteed to five years from 10 years.
Stability Clauses
While existing stability clauses mean companies with valid mining contracts, like Glencore and Randgold, won’t have to comply with most reforms for 10 years, the increased royalty rates will be applied to all projects immediately, Kabwelulu told senators on Jan. 2.
The royalty hike may have the biggest impact on Glencore, the country’s largest producer of both copper and cobalt. The company shipped about 213,000 metric tons of copper and 24,500 tons of cobalt from its Mutanda mine last year. That could rise to more than 500,000 tons of copper and more than 65,000 tons of cobalt by 2019 once production at its suspended Katanga Mining operation reaches full capacity.
The draft law was adopted by the National Assembly on Dec. 8 and is being examined by the Senate in an extraordinary session that started Jan. 2. If approved by the Upper House, it will be sent to President Joseph Kabila to sign into law.
